Photobiomodulation, commonly referred to as red light therapy or near-infrared light therapy, involves the application of specific wavelengths of red and near-infrared light to tissue. These wavelengths penetrate the skin and are absorbed by cytochrome c oxidase in the mitochondria, stimulating ATP production, reducing oxidative stress, and initiating cellular repair cascades. The mechanism is well-established and the clinical evidence across multiple applications is growing substantially.
Evidence-Supported Applications
- Chronic musculoskeletal pain: systematic reviews confirm significant pain reduction for neck pain, low back pain, and joint pain
- Wound healing and tissue repair: accelerates recovery from soft tissue injuries and surgical sites
- Neuroinflammation: near-infrared at 810nm penetrates the skull and has shown effects on cognitive function and depression in clinical trials
- Skin ageing: stimulates collagen and elastin production, reduces wrinkle depth, and improves skin texture
- Post-exercise recovery: reduces delayed onset muscle soreness and creatine kinase levels when applied within 30 minutes of training
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